Using this code, the Arduino will vary the speed of a DC Motor in a fading fashion i.e. The code for this circuit is given below. The following image shows a simple circuit diagram, where a PWM output from Arduino is given to a MOSFET and the 12V DC Motor is connected through the MOSFET. The PWM Signal from any source like Arduino in this example, can be given to the gate of a MOSFET and depending on the duty cycle of the PWM Signal, the speed of the DC Motor will vary. Now that we have controlled the average voltage that is to be supplied to a DC Motor, how do we apply this voltage to the motor? Here comes the use of Transistor. sum of ON time and OFF time.ĭuty Cycle is usually expressed in percent and the following figure represents different PWM Signals of a 12V supply with different duty cycles of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. Duty Cycle of a PWM Signal is nothing but the ratio of the time for which the signal is ON or HIGH to the total time period of the signal i.e. Now, the average voltage applied to the DC Motor will depend on what is called as the Duty Cycle of the PWM Signal. The frequency of this switching will be in the order of few tens of kilo Hertz. Using PWM technique, the average value of the voltage that is applied to the DC Motor is controlled by turning the power on and off at a very high rate. The Pulse Width Modulation or PWM signal generated by this technique will allow us to control the average voltage that is being delivered to the DC Motor. If you want to control the speed of rotation of a simple DC Motor, then there is a technique called PWM DC Motor Control. reverse the polarity, the motor will rotate in reverse direction.
It is very simple to operate: connect the two leads of the motor to the two terminals of a battery and voila! Your motor starts rotating. A DC Motor is the simplest of motors that beginners and hobbyists encounter.
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